What are the symptoms that indicate the presence of allergies?

Allergies are immune system responses to substances that, although normally harmless, are perceived as threats by the body. These substances are known as allergens and can include dust, pollen, foods, medications, and insect stings. Allergy symptoms can range from mild to severe and affect different parts of the body. Knowing these symptoms is crucial to effectively identifying and managing allergies .

Common symptoms of allergies

Nasal congestion and sneezing

One of the most common symptoms of allergies is nasal congestion , accompanied by frequent sneezing . This happens because allergens irritate the lining of the nose, causing inflammation and mucus production.

Itchy and watery eyes

Itchy eyes, medically known as ocular pruritus , along with watery eyes , are another typical symptom. The eyes may become red and swollen due to exposure to allergens such as dust or pollen .

Skin rashes and hives

Allergies can also manifest on the skin as rashes or hives . These are red , itchy patches of skin that can appear anywhere on the body.

Difficulty breathing and coughing

Some allergens can affect the airways, causing shortness of breath and coughing . This is common with allergies to pollen, mold, or dust mites.

Swelling

Swelling , especially of the face, lips, tongue , or throat, is a serious symptom that can occur with severe allergies , such as food allergies or insect sting allergies.

Gastrointestinal problems

In food allergies , symptoms may include abdominal pain , nausea , vomiting , and diarrhea . These symptoms occur when the allergen affects the digestive system.

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Specific symptoms according to the type of allergy

Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is a common condition that causes symptoms such as nasal congestion , sneezing , itchy nose, and watery eyes. It is triggered by airborne allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander.

Allergic asthma

Allergic asthma can be triggered by allergens and is characterized by wheezing , shortness of breath , chest tightness , and coughing . It is important to control asthma to prevent severe attacks.

Allergic dermatitis

Allergic dermatitis causes red rashes, intense itching , and sometimes blisters. This type of allergy is often a reaction to chemicals, metals, plants, or skin care products.

Food allergies

Food allergies can cause a variety of symptoms, from hives and swelling to digestive problems and, in severe cases, anaphylaxis . Common foods that cause allergies include nuts, shellfish, milk, and eggs.

Severe symptoms: anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include difficulty breathing , swelling of the throat, a drop in blood pressure , rapid pulse , and dizziness . If not treated quickly, it can be fatal.

How to identify an allergy

Medical consultations

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to see a doctor. Allergy testing , such as skin tests or blood tests, can help identify the specific allergens that are causing your symptoms.

Medical history

Keep track of your symptoms and when they occur. This can provide valuable clues to identify allergens and help your doctor make an accurate diagnosis.

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Management and treatment of allergies

Allergen avoidance

Once allergens are identified , the best way to manage allergies is to avoid exposure to them as much as possible.

Medications

There are several medications available to treat allergy symptoms , including antihistamines, decongestants, and corticosteroids. In cases of anaphylaxis , an epinephrine injection may be needed.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy , such as allergy shots or sublingual tablets, may be an option for people with severe allergies . This treatment helps desensitize the immune system to specific allergens .

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